Fig. 4: Scaling of R_xx and R_xy in terms of ν^-1 and magnetization-enhanced magnetic flux density (D1).

a, b R_xx and R_xy vs. ν⁻¹ (=μ₀He/nh) with respect to temperature. The gray shaded area indicates the region in which ν = 6, where the typical temperature-dependent QH effect is observed. R_xx shows a fixed dip and R_xy crosses near ν = 6, at a different temperature, in the gray region. Higher filling factors of 10 and 14 are indicated by red arrows. c Slope of R_xy vs. ν⁻¹ (i.e. dR_xy/dν⁻¹) near ν = 6 from 150 to 2 K. d Plot of temperature-dependent dR_xy/dν⁻¹ at ν = 6. e Schematic of R_xx and R_xy vs. ν⁻¹ for typical QHE of graphene with respect to temperature. At filling factor ν, R_xy evolves from linear (red) to plateau (blue) with decreasing temperature. At intermediate temperatures, R_xy deviates slightly from linearity near ν (green).