Fig. 6 | npj Regenerative Medicine

Fig. 6

From: A systems biology approach to studying the molecular mechanisms of osteoblastic differentiation under cytokine combination treatment

Fig. 6

Schematic illustration of osteoblastic differentiation-related molecular mechanism under combined cytokine treatment. BMP-2 activates Runx2 through p38 MAPK and SMAD1/5 signaling. IGF-1 triggers two interactive pathways: one is the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, which inhibits Runx2 by inhibiting SMAD1/5; the other is the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway, which activates osterix and β-catenin. Runx2 is essential for early stage of BMSC differentiation, while osterix and β-catenin plays a vital role in proliferation and later stage of bone cell differentiation

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