Fig. 1

Microcomputed tomographic (microCT) imaging and analysis of calvarial defect healing with CD146⁺ pericytes or CD34⁺ adventitial cells, alone or in combination. a 3D coronal section reconstructions of calvarial defect site among “no scaffold” control, “scaffold alone“ control, or three different cell treatment groups. “Pericyte” group consisted of 2.5 × 10⁵ CD146⁺CD34⁻CD45⁻CD31⁻ pericytes. “Adventitial” group consisted of 2.5 × 10⁵ CD34⁺CD146⁻CD45⁻CD31⁻ adventitial cells. “Pericyte + Adventitial” group consisted of a 50%/50% split between each cell type (1.25 × 10⁵ adventitial cells and 1.25 × 10⁵ pericytes). b–d MicroCT quantification of bone repair in calvarial defects within each treatment group, 8 weeks postoperative. b Bone volume, c bone volume/ttissue volume, and d Bone fractional area. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 in comparison with “no scaffold” group. N = 46 bone defects per treatment group