Fig. 2

Histologic analysis of calvarial defect healing with CD146⁺ pericytes or CD34⁺ adventitial cells, alone or in combination. a Representative hematoxylin/eosin and Masson’s trichrome images of the defect site. Scale bar = 50 μm. Representative images are shown of the “scaffold alone” control, or three different cell treatment groups. “Pericyte” group consisted of 2.5 × 10⁵ CD146⁺CD34⁻CD45⁻CD31⁻pericytes. “Adventitial” group consisted of 2.510⁵ CD34⁺CD146⁻CD45⁻CD31⁻adventitial cells. “Pericyte + Adventitial” group consisted of a 50%/50% split between each cell type (1.25 × 10⁵ adventitial cells and 1.25 × 10⁵ pericytes). b, c Vascular histomorphometry of the defect site, including b blood vessel density, and c normalized vessel area per field. d Bone histomorphometry of the defect site, including bone area per field. *P < 0.05 in comparison with “Scaffold alone” group. N = 4−6 bone defects per treatment group. N = 6 images analyzed per sample