Fig. 1
Characterization of hMSC from adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. a Trilineage differentiation of hMSCs (n = 5 per hMSC tissue source) into adipogenic (left; Oil Red O staining), osteogenic (middle; Alzarin Red S) and chondrogenic (right; Alcian Blue PAS) lineages. Scale bar = 100 μm. b Proliferation capacities of hMSCs (n = 5 per hMSC tissue source) over 12 days, c showing the cumulative population doublings of each hMSC source. d All hMSCs (n = 5 per hMSC tissue source) positively expressed CD73, CD90, CD105, and only a minimal proportion of cells were positive for CD14, CD34 and CD45. Data are visualized by bi-dimensional t-SNE maps generated from multidimensional flow cytometry data. e Recorded events were subdivided into 5 clusters by PhenoGraph and FlowSom algorithms according to surface marker expression. The cellular distribution of 5 donors per cell source is f visualized with cumulative density plots and g quantified accordingly. Bar graphs present mean ± s.d. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison)
