Fig. 5 | npj Regenerative Medicine

Fig. 5

From: Human cell-derived tissue-engineered heart valve with integrated Valsalva sinuses: towards native-like transcatheter pulmonary valve replacements

Fig. 5

Echocardiographic assessment of valve functionality in vivo. a–f 2D images of hTESV show good leaflet motion during systole a–c and diastole d–f. b, e 2D-Doppler of hTESV demonstrates absence of anomalies in the forward flow, no regurgitation nor paravalvular leakage. c, f 3D representation of hTESV showing proper leaflet mobility during systole c and diastole f. g–i 3D-CT reconstruction performed pre-operatively shows the adult sheep heart and the valve implantation site from a proximal g, distal h, and lateral i perspective, confirming the correct positioning of the hTESV in the right ventricular outflow tract, over the native valve. AV = aortic valve, MV = mitral valve

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