Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the role of MSCs in cartilage regeneration. | npj Regenerative Medicine

Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the role of MSCs in cartilage regeneration.

From: Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration: from characterization to application

Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the role of MSCs in cartilage regeneration.

MSCs promote cartilage regeneration by diverse mechanisms. MSCs are able to proliferate and differentiate into chondrocytes to replace damaged cells. In addition, MSCs can also secrete cytokines to maintain chondrocyte phenotypes, promote their proliferation and ECM composition. More importantly, MSCs can exert immunomodulatory effects on diverse immune cells upon exposure to injured tissue or inflammatory factors.

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