Table 1 ECM-associated molecules207 involved in the regeneration in in vivo studies of different organs and their transcriptional regulation with age.
From: The bright side of fibroblasts: molecular signature and regenerative cues in major organs
Organ | Function | Expression in aging | Model | Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Core matrisome | |||||
Agrin | Heart | Promotes CM proliferation in regenerative hearts | ↓ | Mouse | |
Chondroitin sulfate/aggrecan | Skin | Enhances wound closure in oral mucosa and in Acomys | ↓ | Acomys, Human | |
Collagens | Liver | Collagen I: may induce progenitor cell differentiation | N/A | Mouse | |
Skin | Collagen III: favors cell migration in fetal wound healing | ↓ | Mouse, Rat | ||
CTHRC-1 | Skin | Promotes recruitment of M2 macrophages | N/A | Mouse | |
Elastin | Skin | Downregulated in oral mucosa | ↑ | Human | |
Lung | Present in alveolar septation | ↑ | Mouse | ||
Fibronectin | Skin | ED-A form: likely influences cell migration in oral mucosa | ↓ | Human, Rat | |
Liver | Induces cell proliferation and progenitor differentiation | ↓ | Mouse | ||
Lung | Promotes endothelial cell adhesion | ↓ | Rabbit | ||
Heart | Favors fibroblast migration and CM proliferation in zebrafish | ↓ | Rat, Zebrafish | ||
Hyaluronic acid | Skin | Promotes cell migration in scarless wound healing | ↓ | Human, Rabbit | |
Heart | Supports cell migration | N/A | Newt | ||
Laminins | Skin | Laminin α1: present in regenerative Acomys skin | N/A | Acomys | |
Olfactomedin | Liver | Promotes cell migration and adhesion | N/A | Mouse | |
Periostin | Intestine | Regulates epithelium proliferation | N/A | Human, Mouse | |
Heart | Promotes fibroblast migration in P1 regenerative hearts | ↓ | Mouse | ||
Tenascin-C | Skin | May help promote fibroblast and epithelial cell migration | ↓ | Human | |
Heart | Influences newt CM proliferation in vitro | ↓ | Mouse, Newt | ||
Vitronectin | Liver | Signals to increase in cell migration and proliferation | N/A | Rat | |
ECM affiliated proteins | |||||
Semaphorin 3 | Intestine | Supports epithelial growth | ↓ | Mouse, Rat | |
ECM regulators | |||||
MMPs | Skin | Increased MMP/TIMP ratio in fetal wound healing supports matrix degradation | ↓ | Rat | |
Liver | MMP-1, 2: promote ECM remodeling | = | N/A | ||
Secreted factors | |||||
Angiopoietin | Liver | Promotes angiogenesis | N/A | Rat | |
Epimorphin | Liver | Stimulates hepatocyte proliferation | N/A | Mouse | |
Erythropoietin | Liver | Promotes angiogenesis | ↓ | Human | |
FGF-1 | Heart | Induces CM cell-cycle re-entry | N/A | Mouse | |
HGF | Intestine | Promotes cell proliferation | N/A | Mouse | |
Liver | Promotes cell proliferation | N/A | Mouse | ||
Kidney | Promotes cell proliferation and TGF-β antagonization | N/A | Mouse | ||
Pleiotrophin | Liver | Stimulates hepatocyte proliferation | N/A | Rat | |
Shh | Skin | Promotes hair follicle maintenance | ↓ | Mouse | |
VEGF | Liver | Promotes angiogenesis | ↓ | In vitro rat HS | |
Wnt | Intestine | Promotes stem cell niche maintenance | ↓ | Mouse | |
Skin | Promotes stem cell niche maintenance | ↓ | Mouse | ||
