Fig. 1: Schematic representation of nephrogenesis, starting with the interaction of the cap mesenchyme (CM) and ureteric bud (UB) in the nephrogenic zone.

Differentiation takes place along morphologically determined stages known as pretubular aggregate (PTA), comma-shaped body (CSB), renal vesicle (RV), S-shaped body (SSB), and capillary loop stage (CLS) nephron. The mature nephron is located throughout the cortex, whereas the Loop of Henle and collecting duct extend into the medulla.