Table 1 Identifying an ACPC population in articular cartilage.
From: The clinical potential of articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells: a systematic review
| Â | Species | Anatomical location of cartilage | Disease model/state | Method of progenitor identification in tissue | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tao et al.22 | Murine | Knee | Unknown | CD105+ in the superficial layer | CD105+ cells in the superficial layer increased after induced OA and FN treatment. CD105+/CD166+ cells increased consistently |
Tong et al.34 | Rat | Knee | Unknown | Ki-67/BrdU labeling | Prevalence of ACPCs increases in OA. The highest frequency in the superficial layer. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway increased ACPCs in OA progression and lowered OARSI scores |
Zhang et al.21 | Rat | Hip | Unknown | CD105+/integrin-α5β1+ co-expression | CD105+/integrin-α5β1+ cells are activated by partial-thickness cartilage defects |
Cai et al.45 | Rat | Knee | ACLT-induced OA | CD44E+/CD90+ co-expression | Recovery of CD44E+/CD90+ cells in cartilage after ACLT and treatment with HA and magnoflorine |
Walsh et al.23 | Porcine | Knee | Unknown | Mechanical loading of immature, adolescent, and mature cartilage followed by surface marker expression, gene expression, and histology | Increased expression of CD105 and CD29 in immature cartilage; decreased expression of ACAN, Col-X and SOX9 in immature cartilage, increased expression of Col-I, Col-II in immature cartilage |
Dowthwaite et al.16 | Bovine | Articular cartilage (surface, middle, and deep zone) | Unknown | Expression of integrin-α5, integrin-β1, fibronectin, and Notch-1 | All markers are mainly expressed in the superficial zone |
Jang et al.35 | Bovine | Stifle (tibial plateau) | Unknown | Calcein-AM/Ethidium homodimer staining of cells migrated into fibrin in partial- and full-thickness defects, treated with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound | More cells migrated in low-intensity pulsed treated defects. FAK activation increased in treated samples |
Seol et al.32 | Bovine and human | Stifle (bovine) and talus (human) | Healthy | Morphology | Increased number of elongated cells in impacted cartilage explants of both species |
Ustunel et al.29 | Human | Knee (intercondylar notch) | Healthy | Expression of Notch-1, Notch-2, Notch-3, Notch-4, Delta, Jagged-1, and Jagged-2 | Notch-1 and Delta were abundantly expressed in the superficial zone |
Grogan et al.26 | Human | Knee | Healthy and OA | Expression of Notch-1, VCAM, and Stro-1 | All markers show expression throughout all cartilage layers; expression in the superficial zone is increased |
Pretzel et al.24 | Human | Knee | Healthy and OA | Expression of CD166 | High percentage (22%) of CD166+ cells. The highest prevalence in the superficial and middle zone |
Su et al.25 | Human | Knee (femoral condyles) | OA | Expression of CD146 | CD146+ cells observed in OA cartilage and are smaller in size than CD146− cells |
Hoshiyama et al.33 | Human | Knee (femoral condyles) | OA | Cell clustering; expression of Stro-1, FGF-2, Ki-67 | More cell clustering and higher expression of all markers in cells adjacent to cartilage damage |
Schminke et al.31 | Human | Knee (lateral femoral condyles) | Healthy and OA | Morphology; expression of laminin-α1 and laminin-α5 in the pericellular matrix. | More laminins expressed in the pericellular matrix of cells with an elongated morphology |
De Luca et al.30 | Human | Hip (femoral head and neck) | Healthy and OA | Expression of PRG-4 | Expression of PRG-4 shifts from the superficial layer (healthy cartilage) to deeper zones (OA cartilage) |
Wang et al.28 | Human | Knee (tibial plateau) | OA | CD271+ and CD105+ cell distribution in WORMS grade 1–2 versus 3–4 cartilage | Enhanced expression of CD105 and CD271 in the superficial zone of grade 3–4 cartilage |
