Fig. 10: Immunohistochemical staining for osteogenesis and vascularization in the calvarial defect area. | npj Regenerative Medicine

Fig. 10: Immunohistochemical staining for osteogenesis and vascularization in the calvarial defect area.

From: Mussel-inspired multifunctional surface through promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis to facilitate bone regeneration

Fig. 10: Immunohistochemical staining for osteogenesis and vascularization in the calvarial defect area.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a Representative immunohistochemical staining of Runx2, OPN, OCN, and CD31 in newly formed tissues of the defect areas at 8 weeks postimplantation. The black arrows indicate the target protein-positive zone in the defect areas. NB = newly formed bone. Quantitative analysis of b Runx2, c OPN, d OCN, and e regenerated blood vessels. Scale bar in a: 100 μm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significant differences compared with the control group. #P < 0.05 and # #P < 0.01 indicate significant differences compared with the HS@PDA-LYN/HA group.

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