Fig. 3: Nerve regeneration mediated by the produced NGC.

Fluorescence micrographs of longitudinal sections of implant groups, showing neuronal regrowth along channels in i–iii autograft, iv–vi sNGC, vii–ix mNGC, and x–xii mspNGC. Green, red, and blue represent the expressions of β-III tubulin, S100, and DAPI, respectively. Scale bar indicates 1 mm.