Fig. 6: 10-MmN repairs bone defects by activating endogenous TGFβ1 to recruit stem cells, followed by accelerated cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. | npj Regenerative Medicine

Fig. 6: 10-MmN repairs bone defects by activating endogenous TGFβ1 to recruit stem cells, followed by accelerated cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation.

From: Alkaline shear-thinning micro-nanocomposite hydrogels initiate endogenous TGFβ signaling for in situ bone regeneration

Fig. 6

After 1-week treatment, decalcified bone tissue sections at rat calvarial defects in the coronal plane were prepared. a Representative H&E staining indicating the histological structures of repaired bone tissues by 10-MmN. Scale bar: 500 μm. b, c Immunohistochemical investigations showing (b) TGFβ-receptor 2+ (TGFβR2+) cells and (c) Ki67+ proliferating cells. Scale bar: 500 μm for Low mag and 100 μm for High mag. d Representative immunofluorescence images showing the positive staining for MSC surface markers of CD90 (green) and CD146 (red). Scale bar: 100 μm for Low mag (left) and 50 μm for High mag (right). Blue DAPI. MS (undegraded) gelatin microspheres. B bone tissue.

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