Fig. 3: BMP2 and BMP2/7-EV induction of osteogenic gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells.

A Schematic demonstrating the differentiation of a mesenchymal stem cell to osteoprogenitor, immature osteoblast, and ending in mature osteoblast. Factors implicated in differentiation events are labeled. ALP alkaline phosphatase, BMP bone morphogenetic protein, FGF fibroblast growth factor, PTH parathyroid hormone, OCN osteocalcin, OPN osteopontin, SP7 osterix, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor. RT-qPCR quantification of mean fold change +/- SD in RUNX2 (B), SP7 (C), OCN (D), and OPN (E) for MC3T3-E1 cells treated with MSC-EV, BMP2-EV, or BMP2/7-EV and compared to untreated control. Statistical significance compared to control determined by two-way ANOVA with Dunnett post hoc analysis. Statistical significance for each group matches the color of the line. (+/- SD, n = 4).