Table 3 Language characteristics of patients with schizophrenia with high 2DR occupancy medication, low D2R occupancy medication, and healthy controls.
From: Language disturbances in schizophrenia: the relation with antipsychotic medication
Language variables | (A) High D2R n = 23 | (B) Low D2R n = 18 | (C) HC n = 40 | Post-hoc analysesa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | F-statistic | p-value | A vs B | B vs C | A vs C | |
Total number of words | 1043.0 ± 113.60 | 1485.6 ± 140.56 | 1768.9 ± 101.18 | 11.544 | <0.0001** | 0.025* | – | <0.0001** |
Articulation rate | 5.5 ± 0.20 | 5.9 ± 0.25 | 6.2 ± 0.18 | 3.156 | 0.049* | – | – | 0.017* |
Pause duration (s) | 1.03 ± 0.043 | 0.90 ± 0.053 | 0.86 ± 0.038 | 2.850 | 0.064 | – | – | 0.006** |
Speaking turn duration | 8.7 ± 1.54 | 7.2 ± 1.90 | 10.8 ± 1.37 | 0.684 | 0.508 | – | – | – |
Percentage of time speaking | 69.2 ± 1.98 | 70.0 ± 2.45 | 77.3 ± 1.76 | 4.999 | 0.009** | – | 0.029* | 0.004** |
MLU | 13.4 ± 1.37 | 16.8 ± 1.69 | 19.1 ± 1.22 | 6.539 | 0.002** | – | – | 0.003** |
TTR | 0.20 ± 0.008 | 0.17 ± 0.009 | 0.16 ± 0.007 | 7.038 | 0.002** | 0.019* | – | <0.0001** |
Clauses per utterance | 0.568 ± 0.005 | 0.572 ± 0.006 | 0.588 ± 0.004 | 0.783 | 0.461 | – | 0.049* | 0.002** |
Noun verb ratio | 0.72 ± 0.017 | 0.69 ± 0.021 | 0.68 ± 0.015 | 0.649 | 0.526 | – | – | – |
Open–closed ratio | 0.85 ± 0.014 | 0.82 ± 0.017 | 0.82 ± 0.012 | 0.424 | 0.656 | – | – | – |
Percentage of disfluencies | 6.3 ± 0.52 | 6.2 ± 0.65 | 5.2 ± 0.47 | 1.496 | 0.231 | – | – | – |
Pause to word ratio | 13.4 ± 0.77 | 11.3 ± 0.95 | 9.9 ± 0.68 | 4.033 | 0.022* | – | – | 0.001** |
