Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study sample (n = 181).

From: Dynamic contextual influences on social motivation and behavior in schizophrenia: a case-control network analysis

 

HC (n = 76)a

SZ (n = 105)b

Cohen’s d

Student-t or χ2

p-val

Sex (% female)

36.8%

28.8%

–

1.29

0.257

Age, M (SD), range

49.2 (11.9), 22.2–65.4

51.9 (9.2), 26.4–65.0

−0.74

−1.69

0.094

Education (years), M (SD), range

14.61 (1.8), 12–18

13.0 (1.90), 8–20

1.15

5.6

<0.001

Race (%)

  

–

9.8

0.135

 Caucasian

50.0

37.5

   

 African American

22.4

41.3

   

 Hispanic/Latino

15.8

11.5

   

 Other

11.8

9.6

   

 Marital status (% married)

22.4

4.8

   

 Employment status (% employed)

56.6

16.5

 

33.3

<0.001

Interaction types (EMA records containing type) N (%)

–

604.3

<0.001

 Alone

887 (23.8%)

1457 (26.1%)

   

 Roommate

315 (8.5%)

953 (17.1%)

   

 Family

756 (20.3%)

632 (11.3%)

   

 Treatment provider

79 (2.1%)

274 (4.9%)

   

 Friends

706 (19.0%)

1021 (18.3%)

   

 Coworker

321 (8.6%)

182 (3.3%)

   

 Staff

43 (1.2%)

397 (7.1%)

   

 Other

613 (16.5%)

663 (11.9%)

   

Interaction types (total per individual) M (SD)

   

 Alone

12.5 (9.4)

14.1 (10.9)

   

 Roommate

8.5 (8.2)

11.6 (11.0)

   

 Family

14.8 (13.0)

9.9 (10.1)

   

 Treatment provider

2.6 (2.4)

4.0 (3.8)

   

 Friends

10.9 (7.7)

10.6 (9.1)

   

 Coworker

8.2 (8.3)

4.4 (4.3)

   

 Staff

3.9 (4.2)

7.4 (8.8)

   

 Other

8.9 (6.5)

7.1 (6.6)

   

Interaction category, M (SD)

     

 Social

0.4 (0.6)

0.3 (0.5)

0.10

5.9

<0.001

 Non-social

0.4 (0.6)

0.5 (0.7)

−0.14

−7.9

<0.001

Clinical measures

 BPRS-positive symptoms

–

9.3 (3.8)

–

–

–

 CAINS motivation and pleasure

–

15.9 (6.4)

–

–

–

 CAINS expression

–

3.5 (3.3)

–

–

–

EMA variables, M (SD)

 Happy

5.4 (1.3)

4.7 (1.7)

0.61

21.7

<0.001

 Sad

1.6 (1.1)

2.6 (1.8)

−0.81

−29.4

<0.001

 Anxious

1.5 (1.1)

2.5 (1.7)

−0.80

−29.4

<0.001

 Relax

5.3 (1.5)

4.7 (1.7)

0.49

16.7

<0.001

 At home

32.8 (28.0)

43.3 (24.4)

−2.06

−16.5

<0.001

 Interaction count

1.9 (1.9)

1.8 (1.9)

0.06

1.8

0.07

 Social motivation

5.3 (1.8)

4.3 (2.2)

0.67

20.6

<0.001

  1. BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, CAINS Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms.
  2. aSome data unavailable for 1 subject, ignored.
  3. bSome data unavailable for 3 subjects, ignored.
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