Table 1 Demographic information of patients with recent-onset psychosis and patients with clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Sample Size [N (%)]

54 (49.5)

55 (50.5)

36 (49.3)

37 (50.7)

 Munich (%)

29 (53.7)

25 (45.5)

χ²₉ = 11.90

0.156

12 (33.3)

15 (40.5)

χ²₉ = −8.81

0.455

 Milan (%)

4 (7.4)

3 (5.5)

2 (5.6)

2 (5.4)

 Basel (%)

9 (16.7)

3 (5.5)

4 (11.1)

1 (2.7)

 Cologne (%)

2 (3.7)

9 (16.4)

6 (16.7)

10 (27.0)

 Birmingham (%)

3 (5.6)

3 (5.5)

0 (0.0)

2 (5.4)

 Turku (%)

4 (7.4)

7 (12.7)

3 (8.3)

2 (5.4)

 Udine (%)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.8)

0 (0.0)

 Bari (%)

0 (0.0)

2 (3.6)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.8)

 Duesseldorf (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.8)

3 (8.3)

2 (5.4)

 Muenster (%)

3 (5.6)

2 (3.6)

5 (13.9)

2 (5.4)

Time of Relapse [mean (SD) days after Baseline]

97.4 (102.0)

–

87 (100.1)

–

Age [mean (SD) years]

23.8 (4.3)

25.1 (5.2)

t₁₀₄ = −1.45

0.151

22.0 (3.7)

23.8 (5.2)

t₆₅ = −1.80

0.076

Sex [Female (%)]

15 (27.8)

19 (34.5)

χ²₁ = 0.31

0.578

11 (30.6)

23 (62.2)

χ²₁ = −6.11

0.013

 White (%)

43 (79.6)

42 (76.4)

χ²₅ = −3.06

0.691

28 (77.8)

35 (94.6)

χ²₃ = −5.64

0.131

 Asian (%)

4 (7.4)

5 (9.1)

2 (5.6)

0 (0)

 African (%)

1 (1.9)

1 (1.8)

2 (5.6)

1 (2.7)

 Mixed (%)

4 (7.4)

3 (5.5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Other (%)

1 (1.9)

4 (7.3)

4 (11.1)

1 (2.7)

BMI [mean (SD)]

23.1 (4.1)

22.9 (4.0)

t₉₇ = −0.30

0.763

23.5 (4.4)

22.0 (2.9)

t₅₉ = 1.71

0.092

Education [mean (SD) years]

13.3 (2.7)

13.9 (2.7)

t₁₀₅ = −1.12

0.268

13.1 (2.6)

14.2 (2.7)

t₇₀ = −1.64

0.106

Educational problems [mean (SD) years repeated]

0.7 (1.8)

0.4 (0.7)

t₆₇ = 1.08

0.282

0.8 (2.2)

0.9 (2.5)

t₆₈ = −0.21

0.837

GF-Social: highest lifetime

7.8 (0.8)

8.0 (0.8)

t₁₀₆ = −1.36

0.177

7.7 (0.9)

8.1 (0.8)

t₆₈ = −1.64

0.107

GF-Social: baseline

5.6 (1.5)

5.9 (1.5)

t₁₀₆ = −0.94

0.352

5.9 (1.4)

6.6 (1.5)

t₇₁ = −1.93

0.058

GF-Role: highest lifetime

7.4 (0.9)

7.9 (0.9)

t₁₀₅ = −2.67

0.009

7.9 (0.9)

7.9 (0.8)

t₆₉ = −0.16

0.877

GF-Role: baseline

4.6 (1.7)

5.3 (1.9)

t₁₀₆ = −1.96

0.052

5.4 (1.9)

6.0 (1.4)

t₆₄ = −1.60

0.114

GAF Disability/Impairment Highest Lifetime

77.5 (8.8)

78.5 (9.0)

t₁₀₄ = −0.58

0.561

76.6 (8.6)

79.0 (8.3)

t₇₁ = −1.22

0.227

GAF Disability/Impairment Highest Past Month

41.3 (10.4)

49.0 (16.6)

t₉₁ = −2.92

0.004

48.3 (11.3)

53.0 (11.2)

t₇₀ = −0.52

0.607

GAF Symptoms Highest Lifetime

77.7 (8.5)

79.6 (9.6)

t₁₀₆ = −1.07

0.286

78.0 (9.9)

79.1 (8.8)

t₇₁ = −1.78

0.079

GAF Symptoms Highest Past Month

40 (12.4)

43.4 (16.4)

t₁₀₀ = −1.21

0.230

47.0 (10.2)

51.8 (11.8)

t₇₀ = −1.86

0.067

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale—Positive [mean (SD)]

20.0 (5.9)

19.2 (6.0)

t₁₀₅ = 0.69

0.491

11.2 (3.5)

11.5 (3.1)

t₆₇ = −0.36

0.718

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale—Negative [mean (SD)]

15.2 (5.9)

14.2 (6.5)

t₁₀₄ = 0.87

0.388

13.8 (6.8)

13.9 (6.0)

t₆₇ = −0.07

0.941

Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale—General [mean (SD)]

37.0 (10.8)

31.8 (9.5)

t₁₀₃ = 2.66

0.009

30.8 (7.7)

29.5 (7.6)

t₆₈ = 0.72

0.474

Becks Depression Inventory [mean (SD)]

22.9 (14.2)

19.1 (11.5)

t₉₃ = 1.44

0.152

27.9 (11.5)

27.5 (10.4)

t₆₅ = 0.14

0.891

 Cannabis abuse (%)

21 (38.9)

19 (34.5)

χ²₂ = −9.61

0.008

16 (44.4)

12 (32.4)

χ²₂ = −1.14

0.566

 Cannabis dependence (%)

17 (31.5)

6 (10.9)

1 (2.8)

1 (2.7)

Time since last Cannabis Use at Baseline [mean (SD) months]

8.7 (25.3)

33.4 (60.9)

t₆₆ = −2.52

0.010

10.6 (29.2)

33.6 (53.8)

t₅₀ = −2.14

0.038

Duration Lifetime Cannabis Use [mean (SD) months]

63.7 (50.0)

51.8 (43.9)

t₉₀ = 1.22

0.227

52.9 (64.4)

33.7 (43.4)

t₄₅ = 1.31

0.195

Age at Cannabis Initiation [mean (SD) years]

16.5 (2.6)

17.5 (3.7)

t₈₆ = −1.55

0.126

17.1 (2.2)

17.5 (2.7)

t₅₆ = −0.64

0.526

Average Number of cigarettes smoked per day [mean (SD)]

8.0 (7.4)

7.2 (7.6)

t₁₀₀ = 0.60

0.553

7.7 (8.6)

4.6 (6.1)

t₆₃ = 1.71

0.093

Average Units of alcohol consumed per day [mean (SD)]

4.4 (4.2)

5.4 (6.1)

t₇₅ = −0.92

0.360

4.2 (5.6)

4.0 (3.3)

t₄₆ = 0.24

0.811