Fig. 3: Effects of dTMS on behavior.
From: Deep rTMS of the insula and prefrontal cortex in smokers with schizophrenia: Proof-of-concept study
a, b In a laboratory task of tobacco choice, participants had the chance to smoke or earn money for abstaining. a There was a significant interaction on the latency to smoke a first cigarette, where patients in the active dTMS group took longer to smoke after treatment than before it (significant effect of Visit in this group indicated by asterisk). b While there was a similar direction of effects regarding the total number of cigarettes smoked during the task, no main effects or interactions were significant (ns = not significant). In addition to these smoking variables, c dTMS improved severity of psychosis, as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Uniquely in the active dTMS group, there was a linear decrease in positive symptoms over the course of the study (significant linear contrast indicated by asterisk).
