Table 1 Baseline characteristics.

From: Mental health in individuals with severe mental disorders during the covid-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation

 

SMI (N = 46)

MDD (N = 69)

Controls (N = 481)

Variable

Mean ± SD or N (%)

Mean ± SD or N (%)

Mean ± SD or N (%)

Gender

Male

19 (41.3%)

28 (40.6%)

139 (28.9%)

Female

27 (58.7%)

41 (59.4%)

342 (71.1%)

Age (Years)

48.9 ± 14.3 (22–81)

48.5 ± 13.9 (22–82)d

44.3 ± 13.6 (18–96)

Education (Years)

13.7 ± 3.4e

12.7 ± 3.7e

15.6 ± 3.7

Residence

Tyrol (Austria)

27 (58.7%)

44 (63.8%)

282 (58.6%)

South Tyrol (Italy)

19 (41.3%)

25 (36.2%)

199 (41.4%)

Relationship

Single

21 (45.7%)a

27 (39.1%)a

91 (18.9%)

Fixed partnership

25 (54.3%)c

42 (60.9%)c

390 (81.1%)

Work situation

Full-time

5 (10.9%)c

13 (18.7%)c

231 (48.2%)

Part-time

9 (19.5%)

7 (10.1%)c

113 (23.4%)

Self-employed

2 (4.3%)

3 (4.3%)

34 (7.1%)

Education/training

1 (2.2%)

5 (7.2%)

27 (5.6%)

From home

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.4%)

4 (0.4%)

Short-time work

2 (4.3%)

1 (1.4%)

4 (0.8%)

Unemployed

2 (4.3%)

8 (11.6%)a

4 (0.4%)

due to COVID-19

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.9%)

1 (0.2%)

Retired

21 (45.7%)a

22 (31.8%)a

43 (9.0%)

Homemaker

2 (4.3%)

1 (1.4%)

5 (1.0%)

Others

1 (2.2%)

3 (4.3%)

7 (1.5%)

Household income

<25,000 €/year

34 (73.9%)a

43 (62.3%)a

160 (33.3%)

25,000–49,999 €/year

8 (17.4%)c

11 (15.9%)c

176 (36.6%)

≥50,000 €/year

2 (4.4%)c

6 (8.7%)c

136 (28.2%)

Not specified

2 (4.3%)

9 (13.0%)a

9 (1.9%)

Flat size (m²)

88.0 ± 39.3 (median 80.0)e

93.9 ± 38.7 (median 90.0)

108.5 ± 46.3 (median 100.0)

per person

50.8 ± 29.5 (median 42.5)

48.0 ± 21.2 (median 47.5)

45.6 ± 24.6 (median 38.2)

Garden or balcony

44 (95.7%)

65 (94.2%)

463 (96.3%)

Severe physical health problem (e.g., diabetes, cancer, etc.)

6 (13.0%)a,b

2 (2.9%)

33 (6.9%)

Current psychiatric treatment

38 (82.6%)

53 (76.8%)

–

Current psychological/psychotherapeutic treatment

14 (30.4%)

31 (44.9%)

–

  1. SMI serious mental illness; MDD major depressive disorder without psychotic features.
  2. aSignificantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to control group according to Fisher’s exact test (two-tailed).
  3. bSignificantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to MDD group according to Fisher’s exact test (two-tailed).
  4. cSignificantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to control group according to Fisher’s exact test (two-tailed).
  5. dSignificantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to control group according to Bonferroni-corrected Kruskal–Wallis test (two-tailed).
  6. eSignificantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to control group according to Bonferroni-corrected Kruskal–Wallis test (two-tailed).
Back to article page