Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics.

From: Psychomotor slowing alters gait velocity, cadence, and stride length and indicates negative symptom severity in psychosis

 

HC

NPS

PS

Comparison

N

42

22

70

—

Age (years)

36.71 (12.93)

32.73 (10.48)

35.40 (11.94)

F(2,131) = 0.8, p = 0.46

BMI

23.78 (4.02)

25.30 (4.89)

25.41 (4.91)

F(2,131) = 1.7, p = 0.18

Education (years)

16.33 (3.35)

12.91 (1.95)

13.01 (2.36)

F(2,131) = 22.9, p < 0.001*

Contrasts:

HC vs. PS: F = 3.3, p < 0.001*

HC vs. NPS: F = 3.4, p < 0.001*

NPS vs. PS: F = −0.1, p = 0.99

Sex (N / %) female

21 (50%)

12 (55%)

35 (50%)

χ2 (2) = 0.6, p = 0.74

Medication (OLZ eq.)

—

14.32 (10.38)

17.22 (10.73)

W = 642, p = 0.24

Duration of illness (years)

—

6.55 (7.39)

9.8 (9.43)

W = 587, p = 0.093

Number of episodes

—

3.33 (2.58)

5.0 (4.69)

W = 579, p = 0.14

PANSS total

—

65.0 (14.67)

79.90 (16.32)

W = 401, p < 0.001*

PANSS neg.

—

15.14 (4.05)

23.71 (6.16)

W = 183, p < 0.001*

PANSS pos.

—

16.23 (4.66)

16.01 (5.08)

W = 817, p = 0.67

PANSS general

—

33.64 (8.58)

40.17 (9.07)

W = 464, p = 0.005*

SRRS

—

8.36 (2.82)

23.40 (5.60)

W = 0, p < 0.001*

mSRRS

—

2.86 (1.70)

10.43 (3.0)

W = 24.5, p < 0.001*

BFCRS

—

1.27 (1.72)

5.31 (4.0)

W = 223, p < 0.001*

UPDRS

—

8.50 (5.85)

20.24 (11.1)

W = 271, p < 0.001*

BNSS

—

26.14 (10.38)

41.7 (14.17)

W = 279, p < 0.001*

BNSS expressivity

—

1.73 (1.03)

3.48 (1.36)

W = 236, p < 0.001*

BNSS avolition

—

2.64 (1.31)

3.24 (1.53)

W = 575, p = 0.072

  1. For each continuous measure the mean is indicated with the standard deviation in brackets. For comparison between three groups an ANOVA is calculated (F). For comparison between two groups a Mann–Whitney U-test is performed (W). For sex a Chi-square test is calculated (χ2).
  2. HC healthy controls, NPS non-psychomotor slow, PS psychomotor slow, N number of participants, BMI Body Mass Index, f female, OLZ eq. Olanzapine-equivalent (mg/day), PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, neg. negative, pos. positive, SRRS Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale, mSRRS motoric part of the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale, BFCRS Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale, UPDRS Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III, BNSS Brief Negative Symptom Scale.
  3. *p ≤ 0.05.
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