Table 1 Demographics, general cognition, and clinical data.
HC | CHR-P | FEP | Group effecta | Post-hoc comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 48 | 109 | 23 | ||
Age: years (SD) | 22.8 (3.6) | 22.0 (4.5) | 23.2 (3.5) | F(2,62.6) = 1.2 p = 0.31 | |
Gender: male/female (% male) | 15/33 (31.2) | 28/81 (25.7) | 14/9 (60.9) | χ(2) = 10.9, p = 0.004 | FEP > HC: p = 0.017 FEP > CHR-P: p < 0.001 |
Education: years (SD) | 16.7 (3.0) | 15.3 (3.1) | 15.4 (3.1) | F(2,56.4) = 3.8, p = 0.029 | CHR-P < HC: p = 0.021 |
BACSb: mean (SD) | |||||
Verbal memory | 52 (8.3) | -0.33 (1.3) | NA | Not significant | |
Digit sequencing | 21 (2.7) | -0.08 (1.4) | NA | Not significant | |
Token motor | 81 (11.4) | -1.03 (1.3) | NA | F(1,117.3) = 31.3, p < 0.001 | CHR-P < HC |
Verbal fluency | 58 (13.2) | 0.01 (1.3) | NA | Not significant | |
Symbol coding | 74 (11.9) | -0.54 (1.1) | NA | F(1,101.7) = 8.7, p = 0.004 | CHR-P < HC |
Tower of London | 19 (1.8) | -0.16 (1.4) | NA | Not significant | |
Composite score | 305 (24.4) | -0.57 (1.4) | NA | F(1,121.9) = 9.6, p = 0.002 | CHR-P < HC |
CAARMS scoresc: mean (SD) | |||||
Unusual Thought Content | 0.0 (0.1) | 5.6 (7.5) | NA | ||
Non-bizarre Ideas | 0.3 (1.7) | 10.1 (8.5) | NA | ||
Perceptual Abnormalities | 0.3 (1.1) | 8.7 (6.4) | NA | ||
Disorganized Speech | 0.0 (0.3) | 4.6 (5.4) | NA | ||
Total CAARMS severity | 0.7 (2.4) | 29.0 (18.3) | NA | ||
SPI-A severityd: mean (SD) | 0.0 | 11.2 (11.9) | NA | ||
GAF: mean (SD) | 87.8 (6.4) | 57.7 (13.7) | 39.5 (14.6) | F(2,56.0) = 246.3, p < 0.001 | FEP < HC: p < 0.001 CHR-P < HC: p < 0.001 FEP < CHR-P: p < 0.001 |
GF-role: mean (SD) | 8.6 (0.8) | 7.4 (1.2) | NA | ||
GF-social: mean (SD) | 8.8 (0.4) | 7.5 (1.2) | NA | ||
PANSS: mean (SD) | |||||
Positive | NA | NA | 17.9 (7.0) | ||
Negative | NA | NA | 14.7 (8.6) | ||
Cognitive | NA | NA | 19.8 (9.2) | ||
Excitement | NA | NA | 8.6 (4.6) | ||
Depression | NA | NA | 11.4 (5.8) | ||
Total score | NA | NA | 72.4 (27.8) | ||
DSM-IV/SCID-IP | |||||
Diagnostic categories of FEP group participants | Schizophrenia (n = 4), Schizophreniform disorder (n = 3), Psychotic Disorder NOS (n = 7), Mood Disorders with Psychotic Symptoms (n = 7), Schizoaffective disorder (n = 1), Delusional Disorder (n = 1) | ||||
Medicatione: n (%) | |||||
None | 48 (100) | 57 (52) | 4 (17) | ||
Anti-depressants | 0 | 42 (39) | 12 (52) | ||
Mood stabilizers | 0 | 5 (5) | 0 | ||
Anti-psychotics | 0 | 2 (2) | 12 (52) | ||
Other | 1 (2) | 18 (17) | 6 (26) | ||
