Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics: follow-up CHR-P participants.

From: Thalamo-cortical circuits during sensory attenuation in emerging psychosis: a combined magnetoencephalography and dynamic causal modelling study

 

APS non-persistent

APS persistent

Converters

Pairwise comparisona

Number of participants

36

34

10

 

Age, years (SD)

21.8 (4.3)

23.0 (5.2)

20.7 (5.1)

Not significant

Sex, male/female (%male)

7/29 (19.4)

11/23 (32.3)

1/9 (10.0)

Not significant

Education, years (SD)

15.5 (3.0)

15.5 (3.6)

14.3 (2.2)

Not significant

BACSb, mean (SD)

 Verbal memory

−0.25 (1.2)

−0.47 (1.2)

−0.50 (1.0)

Not significant

 Digit sequencing

−0.05 (1.5)

−0.42 (1.6)

−0.36 (0.9)

Not significant

 Token motor

−0.94 (1.2)

−1.31 (1.3)

−0.88 (1.3)

Not significant

 Verbal fluency

0.06 (1.4)

0.05 (1.5)

−0.15 (0.7)

Not significant

 Symbol coding

−0.49 (1.2)

−0.64 (0.9)

−0.84 (0.7)

Not significant

 Tower of London

−0.35 (1.5)

−0.10 (1.1)

0.41 (1.2)

Not significant

 Composite score

−0.56 (1.6)

−0.77 (1.4)

−0.64 (0.7)

Not significant

CAARMS, mean (SD)

 Unusual thought content

4.3 (6.1)

8.7 (8.8)

10.5 (9.8)

APS-P > APS-NP

F(1,58.0) = 5.9, p = 0.018

 Non-bizarre ideas

10.3 (8.4)

15.1 (7.7)

11.0 (7.2)

APS-P > APS-NP

F(1,67.9) = 6.2, p = 0.015

 Perceptual abnormalities

9.8 (5.8)

11.2 (7.0)

8.7 (6.5)

Not significant

 Disorganized speech

4.4 (5.9)

6.1 (6.0)

5.4 (5.5)

Not significant

 Total severity score

28.8 (14.5)

41.1 (16.1)

35.6 (19.0)

APS-P > APS-NP

F(1,66.3) = 11.3, p = 0.001

SPI-A severity, mean (SD)

8.9 (11.1)

13.3 (16.1)

13.6 (11.4)

Not significant

GAF, mean (SD)

57.0 (14.2)

53.5 (13.6)

51.5 (6.9)

Not significant

GF-role, mean (SD)

7.5 (1.0)

7.1 (1.1)

7.2 (1.2)

Not significant

GF-social, mean (SD)

7.4 (1.1)

7.4 (1.4)

7.0 (0.9)

Not significant

Medicationc

 None

18

19

4

 

 Anti-depressants

13

14

4

 

 Mood stabilizers

3

2

0

 

 Anti-psychotics

1

1

0

 

 Other (Unknown)

6

4

2

 

Converters

Includes 1 converter who transitioned after 12 months

Includes 3 converters who transitioned after 12 months

Duration of transitioning after baseline recordings: 17.6 months (SD = 9.6)

Schizoaffective disorder with psychotic features (n = 3), psychotic disorder NOS (n = 3), mood disorder with psychotic features (n = 2), delusional disorder (n = 2)

  1. APS attenuated psychotic symptoms, Persistent (APS-P) vs Non-persistent (APS-NP) CHR-Ps; BACS Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, CAARMS comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental states, GAF global assessment of functioning, GF global functioning, SPI-A schizophrenia proneness instrument, adult version, SD standard deviation of the mean.
  2. aAll F tests are Welch based; alpha = 0.05, two-sided, and do not include the converters, only the APS-P and APS-NP groups.
  3. bBACS scores for clinical groups were standardized to control group data, controlled for gender category.
  4. cIf multiple medications were reported, they were scored separately in the different categories listed.
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