Table 2 Risk of bias assessment of cohort studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for assessing studies included in this systematic review.
Study author | Selection | Comparability** | Outcome | Total (9) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representativeness of exposed cohort | Selection of non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study* | Assessment of outcome | Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur? | Adequacy of follow up | |||
Hazelgrove et al. (2021) | ★ | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★★★★★★ (7) |
Chakraborty et al. (2011) | ★ | – | – | –* | – | – | ★ | ★ | (3) |
Docherty et al. (2011) | ★ | – | ★ | –* | – | – | ★ | ★ | (4) |
Chu et al. (1985) | ★ | – | – | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★★★★ (5) |
Unal et al. (2019) | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★★★★★ (6) |
Cechnickie & Wojciechowska (2008) | ★ | – | – | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | – | (4) |
Hultman et al. (1997) | ★ | – | – | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★★★★ (5) |
Malla et al. (1990) | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★★★★★ (6) |
Caton & Goldstein (1984) | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★★★★★ (6) |
Krupinski et al. (1971) | – | – | ★ | –* | – | ★ | ★ | – | (3) |
Buck et al. (2019) | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | – | ★ | ★ | – | ★★★★★ (5) |
