Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the studies included in meta-analysis.

From: Transcriptional signatures of the whole-brain voxel-wise resting-state functional network centrality alterations in schizophrenia

Study

Sample size

Mean age (year)

Criteria

Medication status (drug naive/free or not)

Illness duration (month)

PANSS (T/P/N)

Patients (male)

Controls (male)

Patients

Controls

Chen et al.52 (2015)a

42 (19)

84 (42)

24.6

24.7

DSM‑IV

Yes

39.2

86.0/23.2/20.5

Chen et al.52 (2015)a

42 (21)

84 (42)

24.7

24.7

DSM‑IV

Yes

49.0

86.0/22.7/20.6

Chen et al.53 (2022)b

46 (21)

48 (23)

21.7

21.9

DSM-V

No

NA

82.3/20.1/20.2

Chen et al.53 (2022)b

39 (18)

48 (23)

20.2

21.9

DSM-V

No

NA

81.6/18.1/21.0

Chen et al.54 (2018)

52 (45)

128 (99)

28.0

27.1

DSM-IV

Yes

71.1

66.5/18.4/17.2

Chen et al.11 (2019)

30 (22)

30 (17)

25.8

25

DSM-IV

Yes

51.5

88.0/23.8/22.1

Chen et al.55 (2019)c

26 (12)

33 (14)

25.1

27.3

SCID-IV

Yes

52.0

44.2/8.8/10.7

Chen et al.55 (2019)c

31 (14)

33 (14)

24.9

27.3

SCID-IV

Yes

55.6

48.1/13.2/10.9

Ding et al.56 (2019)

44 (28)

44 (23)

23.5

23.6

DSM-IV

No

22.3

90.7/22.5/22.5

Guo et al.57 (2015)

49 (30)

50 (23)

22.7

23.5

DSM-IV

No

22.5

91.3/22.3/22.8

Guo et al.58 (2017)

17 (8)

24 (11)

33.1

30.7

DSM-IV

No

12.0

88.1/23.0/20.2

Kang et al.59 (2020)

52 (20)

51 (22)

26.0

26

DSM-IV

No

NA

NA

Li et al.16 (2020)

32 (16)

32 (21)

30.9

31.4

DSM-IV

No

8.9

77.4/20.0/20.6

Lei et al.60 (2015)

124 (61)

102 (50)

24.5

24.8

DSM-IV

No

6.8

88.4/15.3/15.7

Miao et al.61 (2020)d

15 (10)

20 (6)

35.2

35.1

DSM-IV

Yes

178.8

71.5/19.3/16.8

Miao et al.61 (2020)d

19 (7)

20 (6)

34.6

35.1

DSM-IV

Yes

156.0

75.1/20.7/19.8

Palaniyappan et al.15 (2014)

39 (30)

34 (23)

34.2

33.8

DSM-IV

Yes

NA

NA

Skåtun et al.12 (2016)

71 (44)

196 (113)

28.2

31.5

DSM-IV

Yes

63.6

58.1/13.3/14.8

Wang et al.62 (2018)

56 (23)

56 (25)

25.5

25.8

DSM-IV

No

NA

NA

Wang et al.63 (2017)

35 (20)

30 (13)

15.5

15.3

DSM-IV-TR

No

16

74.6/20.4/20.9

Yang et al.64 (2020)

11 (6)

19 (10)

41.2

37.6

DSM-IV

Yes

NA

84.9/23.6/22.2

Yu et al.14 (2021)

22 (11)

60 (38)

33.4

32.9

DSM-IV-TR

No

15.5

93.5/27.2/19.8

Zhao et al.65 (2022)

48 (21)

31 (14)

15.8

15.4

DSM-IV-TR

No

5.4

75.1/21.5/17.9

Zhou et al.10 (2022)

20 (7)

21 (8)

16.8

16.8

DSM-IV

No

6.0

92.8/24.5/25.7

Zhuo et al.13 (2017)

95 (54)

93 (45)

33.6

33

DSM-IV

Yes

121.4

71.5/17.1/20.3

  1. DSM‑IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, DSM-V Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, N negative symptom score, NA not available, P positive symptom score, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, SCID-IV Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, T total symptom score.
  2. a–dThe four studies divided patients into two datasets based on different symptoms.
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