Table 2 Results from the binary logistic regression analyses of autonomic adverse effects.

From: Sex differences in autonomic adverse effects related to antipsychotic treatment and associated hormone profiles

Dependent variable

Main effect

 

No AP vs. olanzapine

No AP vs. quetiapine

No AP vs. risperidone

No AP vs. aripiprazole

Sex

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

Accommodation disturbance

0.942 (0.474–1.873)

0.865

1.035 (0.432–2.480)

0.938

1.291 (0.512–3.252)

0.588

1.231 (0.474–3.197)

0.670

1.121 (0.605–2.074)

0.717

Increased salivation

0.989 (0.389–2.516)

0.982

1.091 (0.325–3.661)

0.888

2.282 (0.742–7.013)

0.150

3.402 (1.229–9.413)

0.018

0.370 (0.123–1.118)

0.078

Reduced salivation

1.246 (0.775–2.004)

0.364

2.495 (1.365–4.561)

0.003

1.574 (0.794–3.119)

0.194

0.598 (0.265–1.349)

0.216

1.145 (0.737–1.779)

0.546

Nausea/vomiting

0.504 (0.279–0.912)

0.023

0.896 (0.442–1.819)

0.762

0.699 (0.304–1.607)

0.400

0.604 (0.255–1.426)

0.250

1.885 (1.187–2.995)

0.007

Diarrhea

0.835 (0.449–1.554)

0.570

1.787 (0.872–3.659)

0.113

0.511 (0.166–1.579)

0.244

1.133 (0.468–2.743)

0.782

1.800 (1.078–3.007)

0.025

Constipation

1.022 (0.513–2.036)

0.950

1.040 (0.423–2.560)

0.932

0.984 (0.359–2.698)

0.975

0.981 (0.361–2.669)

0.970

1.834 (1.019–3.301)

0.043

Micturition disturbance

0.829 (0.328–2.096)

0.692

1.524 (0.539–4.312)

0.427

2.274 (0.794–6.513)

0.126

0.843 (0.214–3.310)

0.806

0.588 (0.233–1.486)

0.262

Polyuria/Polydipsia

1.367 (0.770–2.427)

0.285

1.158 (0.536–2.502)

0.708

0.916 (0.364–2.309)

0.853

1.562 (0.682–3.575)

0.291

1.994 (1.196–3.325)

0.008

Orthostatic dizziness

0.609 (0.367–1.008)

0.054

0.656 (0.333–1.295)

0.224

0.793 (0.390–1.611)

0.521

1.186 (0.609–2.309)

0.617

1.448 (0.937–2.236)

0.096

Palpitations/Tachycardia

0.583 (0.353–0.963)

0.035

0.790 (0.410–1.521)

0.481

0.706 (0.347–1.436)

0.337

0.758 (0.375–1.534)

0.441

1.623 (1.055–2.498)

0.028

Increased tendency of sweating

0.587 (0.321–1.071)

0.083

0.928 (0.448–1.924)

0.842

0.586 (0.223–1.539)

0.279

1.363 (0.614–3.027)

0.446

1.339 (0.829–2.159)

0.232

 

Interaction effect

 

Sex x No AP vs. olanzapine

Sex x No AP vs. quetiapine

Sex x No AP vs. risperidone

Sex x No AP vs. aripiprazole

 
 

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

OR (95% CI)

p

 

Accommodation disturbance

1.604 (0.642–4.007)

0.312

1.217 (0.409–3.628)

0.724

0.950 (0.240–3.753)

0.941

2.226 (0.660–7.509)

0.197

 

Increased salivation

3.280 (0.774–14.762)

0.105

3.062 (0.571–16.404)

0.191

1.933 (0.306–12.224)

0.484

1.972 (0.406–9.594)

0.400

 

Reduced salivation

0.996 (0.513–1.933)

0.990

1.167 (0.541–2.515)

0.694

0.827 (0.302–2.267)

0.712

2.301 (0.808–6.558)

0.119

 

Nausea/vomiting

0.538 (0.229–1.267)

0.156

0.753 (0.316–1.798)

0.523

1.065 (0.335–3.386)

0.916

1.159 (0.382–3.521)

0.795

 

Diarrhea

0.532 (0.223–1.271)

0.155

0.428 (0.172–1.065)

0.068

0.890 (0.186–4.252)

0.884

0.700 (0.215–2.278)

0.554

 

Constipation

0.742 (0.298–1.842)

0.520

1.871 (0.663–5.282)

0.237

0.726 (0.176–2.994)

0.658

0.667 (0.172–2.584)

0.558

 

Micturition disturbance

1.166 (0.272–4.990)

0.836

0.634 (0.130–3.092)

0.573

0.311 (0.029–3.227)

0.328

2.744 (0.437–17.246)

0.282

 

Polyuria/Polydipsia

0.498 (0.228–1.089)

0.081

0.729 (0.285–1.863)

0.509

1.000 (0.195–1.774)

1.000

0.5886 (0.195–1.774)

0.346

 

Orthostatic dizziness

1.160 (0.579–2.324)

0.674

1.789 (0.782–4.095)

0.168

2.347 (0.859–6.411)

0.096

0.806 (0.318–2.046)

0.650

 

Palpitations/Tachycardia

0.695 (0.342–1.415)

0.316

1.122 (0.498–2.529)

0.781

0.219 (0.061–0.796)

0.021

0.478 (0.170–1.341)

0.161

 

Increased tendency of sweating

1.141 (0.506–2.570)

0.751

1.044 (0.425–2.564)

0.925

0.920 (0.229–3.691)

0.907

0.299 (0.085–1.054)

0.060

 
  1. Table 2 shows the results from the binary logistic regression models investigating sex differences in autonomic adverse effects related to APs. The main effects of the AP groups and interaction effects between sex and AP groups are shown (from the same logistic regression model), with significant results marked in bold.
  2. The No AP group was the reference group for the AP group variable, and males for the sex variable.
  3. AP Antipsychotics, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, vs. versus.
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