Fig. 1: Methodology and comprehensive evaluation of our local LM-based few-shot extraction framework.

a Workflow of our few-shot unstructured information extraction method based on local LM. b Typical structure of the final optimized prompt in this study. c–e Accuracy on the validation set during prompt optimization. f–h The comparison of our methods with linear regression and BERT on an independent test set. Results show that our methods can achieve the lowest error rate.