Table 1 Patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
EHR cohort | Linked claims cohort | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | With documented cognitive impairments | No documented cognitive impairments | p value | With documented cognitive impairments | No documented cognitive impairments | p value | ||||
N = 19,974 | N = 59,352 | N = 2500 | N = 8793 | |||||||
Age, years (mean, SD) | 50.7 | 15.2 | 50.7 | 14.8 | 0.827 | 46.8 | 14.8 | 47.7 | 14.2 | 0.006 |
Age group (N,%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
18–44 | 7197 | 36.0% | 20,763 | 35.0% | 1138 | 45.5% | 3674 | 41.8% | ||
45–64 | 8851 | 44.3% | 27,781 | 46.8% | 1071 | 42.8% | 4178 | 47.5% | ||
65+ | 3926 | 19.7% | 10,808 | 18.2% | 291 | 11.6% | 941 | 10.7% | ||
Gender (N,%) | 0.029 | 0.466 | ||||||||
Male | 12,061 | 60.4% | 36,408 | 61.3% | 1550 | 62.0% | 5522 | 62.8% | ||
Female | 7902 | 39.6% | 22,923 | 38.6% | 950 | 38.0% | 3271 | 37.2% | ||
Race (N,%) | <0.001 | |||||||||
White | 9039 | 45.3% | 25,824 | 43.5% | 1083 | 43.3% | 3667 | 41.7% | <0.001 | |
Black | 4366 | 21.9% | 14,864 | 25.0% | 522 | 20.9% | 2429 | 27.6% | ||
Asian | 989 | 5.0% | 3139 | 5.3% | 127 | 5.1% | 493 | 5.6% | ||
Other | 2920 | 14.6% | 9344 | 15.7% | 469 | 18.8% | 1495 | 17.0% | ||
Unknown/Not reported | 2660 | 13.3% | 6181 | 10.4% | 299 | 12.0% | 709 | 8.1% | ||
Ethnicity (N,%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Hispanic | 939 | 4.7% | 2732 | 4.6% | 168 | 6.7% | 521 | 5.9% | ||
Non-Hispanic | 14,144 | 70.8% | 28,098 | 47.3% | 1757 | 70.3% | 4563 | 51.9% | ||
Unknown/Not reported | 4891 | 24.5% | 28,522 | 48.1% | 575 | 23.0% | 3709 | 42.2% | ||
Region (N,%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
Northeast | 2141 | 10.7% | 7494 | 12.6% | 320 | 12.8% | 1159 | 13.2% | ||
Midwest | 4461 | 22.3% | 11,356 | 19.1% | 394 | 15.8% | 1431 | 16.3% | ||
South | 5825 | 29.2% | 16,507 | 27.8% | 696 | 27.8% | 2120 | 24.1% | ||
West | 6549 | 32.8% | 20,984 | 35.4% | 1019 | 40.8% | 3922 | 44.6% | ||
Other/Unknown | 998 | 5.0% | 3011 | 5.1% | 71 | 2.8% | 161 | 1.8% | ||
BMI (mean, SD) | 30.1 | 6.4 | 30.2 | 6.3 | 0.005 | 29.7 | 6.5 | 30.1 | 6.3 | 0.004 |
CCI (mean, SD) | 0.42 | 1.0 | 0.48 | 1.07 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 1.5 | 0.80 | 1.43 | 0.935 |
EHR cohort | Linked claims cohort | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | With documented cognitive impairments | No documented cognitive impairments | p value | With documented cognitive impairments | No documented cognitive impairments | p value | ||||
CCI Conditionsa (N, %) | ||||||||||
HIV-AIDS | – | <1% | – | <1% | 0.081 | 39 | 1.6% | 144 | 1.6% | 0.786 |
Any malignancy | 261 | 1.3% | 1042 | 1.8% | <0.001 | 57 | 2.3% | 249 | 2.8% | 0.134 |
Cerebrovascular disease | – | <1% | – | <1% | 38 | 1.5% | 146 | 1.7% | 0.625 | |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 2348 | 11.8% | 7807 | 13.2% | <0.001 | 540 | 21.6% | 1913 | 21.8% | 0.868 |
Congestive heart failure | 443 | 2.2% | 1697 | 2.9% | <0.001 | 102 | 4.1% | 409 | 4.7% | 0.225 |
Diabetes, chronic complications | 1022 | 5.1% | 3379 | 5.7% | 0.002 | 237 | 9.5% | 783 | 8.9% | 0.376 |
Diabetes without complications | 2800 | 14.0% | 10,029 | 16.9% | <0.001 | 560 | 22.4% | 2046 | 23.3% | 0.363 |
Liver disease, mild | 739 | 3.7% | 2341 | 3.9% | 0.122 | 208 | 8.3% | 697 | 7.9% | 0.523 |
Myocardial infarction | – | <1% | – | <1% | 0.002 | 43 | 1.7% | 173 | 2.0% | 0.425 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 755 | 3.8% | 2161 | 3.6% | 0.367 | 190 | 7.6% | 545 | 6.2% | 0.012 |
Renal disease | 643 | 3.2% | 2525 | 4.3% | <0.001 | 147 | 5.9% | 477 | 5.4% | 0.379 |
Rheumatic disease | – | <1% | – | <1% | 0.328 | 50 | 2.0% | 128 | 1.5% | 0.054 |
Hypertension | 4657 | 23.3% | 16,833 | 28.4% | <0.001 | 1022 | 40.9% | 3675 | 41.8% | 0.413 |
Psychiatric conditions (N, %) | ||||||||||
Anxiety | 3875 | 18.9% | 9090 | 15.3% | <0.001 | 974 | 39.0% | 2528 | 28.8% | <0.001 |
Bipolar disorder | 2272 | 11.4% | 6350 | 10.7% | 0.008 | 597 | 23.9% | 1869 | 21.3% | 0.005 |
Depression | 3593 | 18.0% | 10,405 | 17.5% | 0.142 | 907 | 36.3% | 2725 | 31.0% | <0.001 |
Panic disorder | 327 | 1.6% | 725 | 1.2% | <0.001 | 108 | 4.3% | 233 | 2.6% | <0.001 |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1079 | 5.4% | 2410 | 4.1% | <0.001 | 269 | 10.8% | 721 | 8.2% | <0.001 |
Substance use disorder | 3362 | 16.8% | 9228 | 15.5% | <0.001 | 836 | 33.4% | 2706 | 30.8% | 0.011 |
Payer (N, %) | <0.001 | 0.006 | ||||||||
Commercial | 376 | 1.9% | 922 | 1.6% | 143 | 5.7% | 392 | 4.5% | ||
Dual Medicare-Medicaid | 420 | 2.1% | 1230 | 2.1% | 213 | 8.5% | 746 | 8.5% | ||
Medicaid | 3087 | 15.5% | 9718 | 16.4% | 1779 | 71.2% | 6201 | 70.5% | ||
Medicare | 395 | 2.0% | 1354 | 2.3% | 167 | 6.7% | 686 | 7.8% | ||
Self-Insured | 35 | 0.2% | 94 | 0.2% | 15 | 0.6% | 37 | 0.4% | ||
Other | 55 | 0.3% | 273 | 0.5% | 12 | 0.5% | 89 | 1.0% | ||
Unknown | 15,606 | 78.1% | 45,761 | 77.1% | 171 | 6.8% | 642 | 7.3% | ||
