Table 1 Group differences between Toxoplasma gondii seropositive and seronegative participants.

From: Toxoplasma gondii associated with psychotic symptom load and cortisol in severe mental illness

 

TG+

TG–

P valueb

Correlation with cortisol

Na

Mean (SD) or %

Na

Mean (SD) or %

Direction (+ or –)

P valuec

Patients with SMI

 Sex (% women)

159

42.8

606

48.8

0.172

+d

0.001

 Age (years)

159

32.2 (11.7)

606

32 (10.5)

0.850

–

0.002

 Education years

138

12.7 (2.3)

556

12.6 (2.6)

0.640

+

0.953

 DOI (years)

156

8.7 (7.7)

586

9.4 (9.1)

0.308

–

0.092

 PANSS total score

156

54 (14.5)

594

57.7 (17.3)

0.012

–

0.820

 YMRS score

127

3.7 (4)

527

4.9 (5.3)

0.004

+

0.201

 IDS-C

108

16.6 (11.1)

454

18.8 (12.3)

0.099

+

0.875

 IQ

112

101.5 (14.3)

490

101.4 (15)

0.939

+

0.015

 On antipsychotics (%)

159

74.2

606

74.3

0.991

+

0.978

 On antidepressants (%)

159

32.7

606

32

0.868

–

0.125

 On antiepileptics (%)

159

21.4

606

21

0.907

+

0.107

 On lithium (%)

159

10.7

 

8.1

0.298

+

0.388

 CPZ (mg/day)

115

320.6 (226.2)

446

314.7 (253.6)

0.821

–

0.159

 AUDIT score

116

7 (6.3)

437

7.5 (6.9)

0.436

+

0.066

 DUDIT score

124

3.3 (6.8)

466

3.4 (7.2)

0.872

+

0.252

HC

 Sex (% women)

126

42.9

415

44.6

0.733

+d

0.030

 Age (years)

126

33.3 (8.8)

415

33.4 (9.2)

0.916

–

0.007

 Education years

126

14.2 (2.1)

415

14.4 (2.2)

0.277

–

0.060

 IQ

126

112.9 (10.8)

409

113.5 (10.1)

0.613

–

0.098

 AUDIT score

92

5.5 (3.1)

221

5.6 (3.2)

0.713

+

0.327

 DUDIT score

95

0.2 (0.6)

223

0.3 (1.5)

0.483

–

0.361

  1. Group differences between Toxoplasma gondii (TG) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositive (TG+) and seronegative (TG–) patients with severe mental illness (SMI) in sex, age, education years, duration of illness (DOI), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score, Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, clinician rated, score (IDS-C), intelligent quotient (IQ), the percentage of patients on antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics and lithium as well as the chlorpromazine equivalent doses (CPZ) among patients on antipsychotics, alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) and drug use disorder identification test (DUDIT) scores. Group differences between TG+ and TG– healthy controls (HC) in sex, age, education years, IQ, AUDIT, and DUDIT scores. In addition, utilizing a subsample of 660 SMI patients (136 TG+) and 193 HC (72 TG+), correlation analysis was conducted between all individual variables and cortisol concentrations. P values < 0.05 are shown in bold.
  2. aNumber of participants with data in each variable.
  3. bChi-square test or t test (Welch’s t test in case of unequal variance).
  4. cPoint-biserial correlations for binary variables; Spearman’s correlations for quantitative variables.
  5. dWomen had significantly higher cortisol concentrations than men.
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