Fig. 4: Microarray analysis of changes in hippocampal gene expression.

a Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that two distinct clusters in hippocampal gene expression. b The annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which related to inflammation and tau phosphorylation. The DEGs annotated with KEGG pathway of “TNF signaling pathway” are shown in an integrated MAPK/JNK pathway. Italicized and nonitalicized letters indicate genes and proteins, respectively. Red and blue letters indicate genes that are up- and downregulated, respectively.