Fig. 7: Analysis of mixed pesticide residues (ACE, CBM, THI and TRI at equal concentrations) using handheld-SERS.

a SERS spectrum for mixed pesticide residues analysed in solvent. b Identified spectral features and corresponding SERS intensity for individual pesticide residues in solvent. c SERS spectrum for mixed pesticide residues extracted from spiked basmati rice. d Identified spectral features and corresponding SERS intensity for individual pesticide residues extracted from spiked basmati rice.