Fig. 3: Serum TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) is higher and more variable in mice receiving frankfurter diet, yet TMAO precursor metabolites are not similarly affected. | npj Science of Food

Fig. 3: Serum TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) is higher and more variable in mice receiving frankfurter diet, yet TMAO precursor metabolites are not similarly affected.

From: Dietary inclusion of nitrite-containing frankfurter exacerbates colorectal cancer pathology and alters metabolism in APCmin mice

Fig. 3

Serum levels of TMAO (at 56 days), typically formed from choline, betaine, and carnitines were significantly higher in mice receiving frankfurter-containing chow. Levels of choline and betaine did not differ between groups. Mice consuming any meat-containing chow had higher levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and propionylcarnitine. Control samples are shown in red (n = 9), minced pork in dark blue (n = 10), nitrite-free sausage in light blue (n = 9), and frankfurter (nitrite-containing) in green (n = 10). Data shown are violin plots containing individual samples values with the median and quartile values represented as dotted lines.

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