Table 4 Main target meat foods substituted by other animal-derived ingredients.

From: Meat food fraud risk in Chinese markets 2012–2021

Target ingredients

Numbers of cases involved

Percentage (%)

 Mutton

53

35.1

 Beef

50

33.1

 Dried meat products

13

8.6

 Other poultry by-products

9

6.0

 Meat from other livestock

6

4.0

 Pork

4

2.7

 Sauce-braised meat products

4

2.7

 Quick-frozen prepared meat products

3

2.0

 Sauce-braised meat products (homemade)

3

2.0

 Smoked barbecue meat products

2

1.3

 Other livestock by-products

2

1.3

 Smoked boiled sausage and ham products

1

0.7

 Meat from other poultry

1

0.7

Total

151

100.0

  1. Source: author’s calculation.