Fig. 2: GEO and citral improved glucose homeostasis and hepatic function and alleviated systemic inflammation in GC-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE−/− mice (n = 8 per group). | npj Science of Food

Fig. 2: GEO and citral improved glucose homeostasis and hepatic function and alleviated systemic inflammation in GC-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE−/− mice (n = 8 per group).

From: Ginger essential oil and citral ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice by modulating trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiota

Fig. 2: GEO and citral improved glucose homeostasis and hepatic function and alleviated systemic inflammation in GC-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE−/− mice (n = 8 per group).

Plasma levels of (a) glucose and (b) insulin; (c) homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); d aspartate aminotransferase (AST); e alanine aminotransferase (ALT); f tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); g interleukin 6 (IL-6); and h interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Dot plots are expressed as the mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test, CON vs. GC groups; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s range test for comparing GC, GC + GEOLow, GC + GEOHigh, and GC + CIT. CON: control diet group, GC: Gubra Amylin NASH diet [GAN diet] + ʟ-carnitine in drinking water [1.3%] group, GC + GEOLow: GC + Ginger essential oil (GEO) [50 mg/kg bw/day] group, GC + GEOHigh: GC + GEO [100 mg/kg bw/day] group, GC + CIT: GC + Citral [20 mg/kg bw/day] group.

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