Table 4 Salmonella persistence in complete metamorphosis insects.

From: A systematic review of experimental studies on Salmonella persistence in insects

Insect order

Insect genus

Insect species

Insect life cycle stage

Salmonella serotype

Load per contaminated subject

Duration of exposure

Declaration of surface disinfection of the insect

Persistence in insects (days)

Author

Coleoptera

Alphitobius

diaperinus

L, A

Paratyphi B variant Java

4–5 log CFU/ insect

Daily for 4 weeks

No

>7

41

A

Typhimurium

8.5 log CFU/g feed

24 h

Yes

>28a

20

L

Typhimurium

8.5 log CFU/g feed

24 h

Yes

>28a

L

Typhimurium

≈5 log CFU/ml

2 h

Yes

12a

21

A

Typhimurium

≈5 log CFU/ml

2 h

Yes

11a

L, P, A

Typhimurium

≈5 log CFU/ml

6 h

Yes

>4b

L

Typhimurium

 

24 h

No

7

40

Carcinops

pumilio

A

Enteritidis (D+)

5.5 log CFU/egg

24 h

Yes

13; >14a; 4b

31

Diptera

Haematobia

irritans

A

Montevideo

1.9 log CFU/flies; 3.8 log CFU/flies; 7.3 log CFU/flies

15 min

Yes

>3

32

A

Montevideo; Anatum; Senftenberg

NR

12 h

Yes

>5

52

P, A

Montevideo

3 log CFU/g and 4 log CFU/g

6 days

Yes

>8c

14

Musca

domestica

A

Typhimurium SR-11

from 5.6 log CFU /fly to 4.2 log CFU/fly

SING

Yes

>1

54

A

Typhimurium

5.7 log CFU/30 g manure

12 h

No

>1

55

A

Typhimurium

1.3 log CFU/insect

SING

 

10a

12

A

Typhimurium

3.1 log CFU/insect

SING

 

>8a

L, P

Schottmuller; Typhimurium;Typhi

NR

NR

No

PDD

13

Phaenicia

sericata

A

Typhimurium

2 log CFU/insect

SING

 

>6a

12

A

2.9 log CFU/insect

  

10a

A

3.9 log CFU/insect

  

9a

Phormia

regina

P

Schottmuller (now Paratyphi B); Typhimurium

NR

NR

Yes

5 (at 26 °C); 29 (at 5 °C)

19

 

Typhimurium

NR

NR

Yes

4,5 (at 26 °C); 18 (at 5 °C)

Protophormia

terrae-novae

L, P

Schottmuller; Typhimurium; Typhi

NR

NR

No

PDD

13

Hemiptera

Myzus

persicae

A

Cubana; Enteritidis; Newport; Poona; Schwarzengrund; Baildon; Mbandaka

6 log CFU/ml

24 h

No

>2 > 2d

56

Lepidoptera

Galleria

mellonella

L

Typhimurium

2–6 log/insect

IN

No

>1

57

L

Typhimurium

≈0.7–2 log CFU/insect (chicken isolate SL1344)

SING

Yes

2

15

L

Typhimurium

≈2 log CFU/insect (swine isolate MSG44-s01)

SING

 

>3

L

Typhimurium

≈3 log CFU/insect (laboratory isolate T4)

SING

 

2

  1. NR not reported, IN inoculation, SING single ingestion, PDD persistence during development (days not reported), L larva, P pupa, A adult.
  2. aSalmonella persistence in feces.
  3. bSalmonella persistence on insect surface.
  4. cSalmonella persistence during metamorphosis.
  5. dSalmonella persistence in honeydew.
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