Fig. 1: Physiological and peroxidative stress parameters monitored in Fischer 344 rats after 23 days of dietary intervention (n = 48).

Measurements of bodyweight gain (a), faecal haem (b), colonic expression of haem oxygenase 1 (c), faecal TBARS (d) and urinary DHN-MA (e) according to dietary iron (Ferric citrate vs. Haemoglobin) and calcium (Control vs. Mineral vs. Dairy) contents. Individual values within box and whisker are represented with “+” as means. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA, followed by Holm-Šídák’s multiple comparisons tests were performed. **padj < 0.01, ***padj < 0.001, ****padj < 0.0001 according to dietary iron form. Detailed F-statistic and p values are provided as Supporting information in Table S1.