Table 1 Moisture contents of the bitter gourd powders prepared using spray drying with different wall materials (\(\bar{{\rm{\chi }}}\) ± SD)

From: Effects of wall materials on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) powders

Wall materials

Moisture content (%)

Water activity

NE

9.67 ± 0.18d

0.32 ± 0.01d

SPI

5.07 ± 0.25b

0.25 ± 0.01c

LCC

5.83 ± 0.21b

0.27 ± 0.00c

GA

4.01 ± 0.16a

0.22 ± 0.01b

MD

4.10 ± 0.16a

0.21 ± 0.01a

RS

7.13 ± 0.19c

0.25 ± 0.00c

  1. Different lowercase letters in a column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
  2. NE nonencapsulated, SPI soybean protein isolate, LCC lecithin calcium caseinate, GA gum arabic, MD maltodextrin, RS resistant starch.
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