Fig. 7: Comparison of estimated daily MGO intake and endogenous formation in healthy individuals and diabetic patients with predicted BMDL₁₀ values.

The estimated daily MGO intake dose levels were taken from Hellwig et al.³ and Degen et al.² and amount to 0.03 mg/kg bw and 0.07–0.29 mg/kg bw for a 70 kg person, respectively. The estimated daily endogenous MGO formation levels in healthy adult individuals and diabetic patients were taken from Rabbani and Thornalley and amounted to 3.09 mg/kg bw, and 6.01–12.35 mg/kg bw for a 70 kg person, respectively⁶. The green vertical lines represent the dose levels where the MOE relative to the respective BMDL₁₀ is 100 (for mitochondrial function, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis) or 10,000 (for DNA adduct formation). For further details see text.