Fig. 2: Effect of serum-free co-culture medium on cell adhesion and cell proliferation of bovine myogenic cells on uncoated culture dishes.

To control for biological variation, at least biological triplicates with different culture schedules were performed. Details on the replicates are described in the Methods section. a Representative phase-contrast microscopy images at 24 and 72 h of culture. b Bar graph representing cell density of samples cultured in each medium (n = 6, mean). Plotted dots indicate the respective biological replicated samples. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Blue and red bars represent samples at the 24 h and 72 h of culture, respectively. One-way ANOVA was performed, and the p-values at 24 and 72 h of culture were 5.79e-6 and 3.94e-6, respectively. For multiple comparisons, Dunnett’s test with two-sided testing was performed, with control (−) group at each time point as control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s.: not significant). c Bar graph representing cell density of samples cultured in serum-free media using different fabricating approaches (n = 3, mean ± S.D.). Plotted dots indicate the respective biological replicated samples. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Blue bars represent samples at the 24 h of culture, and red bars represent samples at the 72 h of culture. Details of each approach were described in the Methods section and Fig. 1c. One-way ANOVA was performed, and the p-values at 24 and 72 h of culture were 0.0463 and 0.151, respectively. For multiple comparisons, Dunnett’s test with two-sided testing was performed, with co-culture group at each time point as control (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s.: not significant).