Fig. 4: Projection of AFB1 contamination from 2023 to 2100 under two scenarios.

a Spatial pattern of the change in AFB1-contaminated peanut mass at the end of the century (EC). The boxplots depict the projected increase in the tonnage of peanuts estimated to exceed the AFB1 limit, relative to the historical baseline for the same grid cells. b Spatial pattern of changes in AFB1 contamination projected for different provinces. c Spatial pattern of the exceedance rate of AFB1 contamination in EC. The box plots show the projected rate of changes in AFB1 compared with the historical rate at various periods. NF represents the near future (2023–2039), MC represents mid-century (2040–2069), and EC represents the end of the century (2070–2100). Red and green boxes also represent the projected rate of change under SSP585 and SSP126. The inset maps in b, c, and d show Nanhai Zhudao.