Fig. 11: Evaluation of physical and quality properties of low-fat cream.

The fat partial coalescence rate (A), hardness (B), whipping foaming rate (C) and 3D printing (D) of low-fat cream. All the values are expressed as mean ± SD. Mean values with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). The Control group was the commercially available plant-based cream group; SW1: Ultrasonic (0 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW2: Ultrasonic (150 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW3: Ultrasonic (300 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW4: Ultrasonic (450 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW5: Ultrasonic (600 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SPI soy protein isolate, WPI whey protein.