Fig. 2: Structural characterization and interaction analysis of composite protein nanoparticles.

UV absorption spectra analysis (A), fluorescence spectroscopy analysis (B), XRD profiles (C), and intermolecular forces (D). All the values are expressed as mean ± SD. Mean values with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). SW1: Ultrasonic (0 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW2: Ultrasonic (150 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW3: Ultrasonic (300 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW4: Ultrasonic (450 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SW5: Ultrasonic (600 W)—laccase-modified SPI cross-linked WPI; SPI soy protein isolate, WPI whey protein.