Fig. 2: Effects of CFS on biofilms. | npj Science of Food

Fig. 2: Effects of CFS on biofilms.

From: Food-grade Lacticaseibacillus paracasei postbiotics suppress oral Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and cariogenicity

Fig. 2: Effects of CFS on biofilms.

A Biomass quantification of biofilms by crystal violet assay (Tukey test). B Proliferation capacity of biofilm-embedded S. mutans assessed via CCK-8 assay (t test). C Impact of CFS on bacterial chain length within biofilms. When three or more cocci are arranged in a linear configuration, they are considered a chain for length measurement purposes. D Effects of CFS treatment on the surface morphology of S. mutans biofilms (SEM Images). E Composition and 3D structure of S. mutans biofilms analyzed by CLSM. EPS, viable cells, and cells with compromised membrane integrity were stained with Rhodamine-ConA (orange), CFDA (green), and PI (red), respectively. Scale bars: 50 μm (white bars in E), 20 μm (grids in 3D view). *** P < 0.001. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

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