Table 5 LyFs extraction-purification technology combination recommendation scheme

From: Lycium L. flavonoids: extraction, purification, signal transduction pathways, and interactions with intestinal microbiota

Application target

Technology mix

Core advantage

Critical control parameter

Isolation and structural identification of laboratory monomers

Freeze-drying-Enzymatic extraction-HPLC

Purity ≥95%, with good compound integrity

Enzymatic hydrolysis temperature: 40 °C, HPLC mobile phase gradient elution

Industrial functional food ingredients

Hot air drying (50 °C)-Microwave extraction-Macroporous resin

yield ≥18 mg/g, low cost

Microwave power: 800 W; ethanol concentration of resin eluent: 70%

Environmentally friendly industrial production

Ultrasonic pretreatment-DES + UAE extraction-solvent flotation

Solvent residue <0.1%, yield 16 mg/g

DES system (choline-ethylene glycol), ultrasound power 150 W

Low-cost feed additive

Natural drying-solvent extraction-simple filtration

lowest cost, yield ≥10 mg/g

Ethanol concentration 60%, extraction temperature 60 °C

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