Fig. 2
Key brain regions that have been shown correlates of self-referenced prediction errors (in yellow) or other-referenced prediction errors (in purple), or both kinds of prediction errors (in green) in the domain of actions (a) and reward/value outcomes (b). For motor learning-related errors, we only provide representative areas as they are beyond the scope of this review. It is worthwhile to note that the distributions of these areas for their involvements in self-referenced or other-referenced prediction error signaling are naturally constrained by the amount of research examining different types of prediction errors. The insets with coronal magnetic resonance images indicate the sections (red line) that correspond to the Nissl-stained sagittal slices. The dotted outline around an area indicates that this area is projected medially from the lateral surface for the purpose of including the area on a more medial aspect of the brain. Adapted with permission from http://www.brains.rad.msu.edu, http://brainmuseum.org, supported by the US National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of health. ACC anterior cingulate cortex, ACCg anterior cingulate gyrus, ACCs anterior cingulate sulcus, dlPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dmPFC dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, LHb lateral habenula, LIP lateral intraparietal area, MTG medial temporal gyrus, OFC orbitofrontal cortex, SC superior colliculus, SN substantia nigra, STS superior temporal sulcus, TPJ temporoparietal junction, vmPFC ventromedial prefrontal cortex, VS ventral striatum, VTA ventral tegmental area
