Fig. 1: Experimental setup. | npj Science of Learning

Fig. 1: Experimental setup.

From: Directed information flow during laparoscopic surgical skill acquisition dissociated skill level and medical simulation technology

Fig. 1

a Subject performing the bimanual FLS task while a continuous-wave spectrometer is used to simultaneously measure functional brain activation via functional near-infrared spectroscopy to capture the perception-action link to the surgical training. b Perception action model for surgical training in the physical and VR simulator environments. Our portable neuroimaging allowed investigation of the dorsal stream of action in the following brain regions, including the right PFC (RPFC), left PFC (LPFC), SMA, right PMC (RPMC), and left PMC (LPMC), based on the sensitivity profile of our optode montage (Supplementary Fig. 1). This study did not investigate the ventral stream for perception, including the ventrolateral PFC (VLPFC) region, based on the sensitivity profile of our optode montage (Supplementary Fig. 1). c Automated anatomical labeling (AAL) of the brain regions (see Supplementary Table 1), Supp_Motor_Area_R (SMA), Supp_Motor_Area_L (SMA), Frontal_Mod_R (RPFC), Frontal_Mod_L (LPFC), Precentral_R (RPMC), Precentral_L (LPMC) based on the optode sensitivity profile (Supplementary Fig. 1).

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