Fig. 2: Results of the multiple-group structural equation modeling (Female group). | npj Science of Learning

Fig. 2: Results of the multiple-group structural equation modeling (Female group).

From: Understanding protective and risk factors affecting adolescents’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

Fig. 2

PCR Parent-child relationship improvement, PM Parental monitoring, CER Cognitive-emotional regulation,; DSE Digital activities for socialization and entertainment, OSE Online learning self-efficacy, CyI Cyberbullying involvement, WOR Perceived worries for future study and life. Black arrows represent statistically significant direct effect, dotted arrows represent statistically insignificant direct effect, and red arrow represents statistically significant different direct effect between male group and female group. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.

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