Table 2 The comparison of ankle kinematics (root mean square (RMS) and ankle–plate mutual information (AP-MI)) between the pre-test and post-test for the error amplification (EA) and control groups.

From: Quick balance skill improvement after short-term training with error amplification feedback for older adults

Ankle kinematics

Pre-test

Post-test

Hotelling’s statistics

Pos-hoc test

Control

RMS (degree)

0.516 ± 0.051

0.475 ± 0.056b

Wilks’ Λ = 0.214, p < 0.001

t17 = −7.742, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.779

 

AP-MI

0.293 ± 0.019

0.283 ± 0.024

ηp2 = 0.786

t17 = −0.386, p = 0.704, ηp2 = 0.009

EA

RMS (degree)

0.521 ± 0.064

0.312 ± 0.032a

Wilks’ Λ = 0.112, p < 0.001

t17 = −10.641, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.869

 

AP-MI

0.300 ± 0.020

0.216 ± 0.019b

ηp2 = 0.888

t17 = −3.700, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.446

  1. aPost-test < Pre-test, p < 0.005.
  2. bPost-test < Pre-test, p < 0.001.