Table 4 The comparison of network graph measures at different spectral bands between the pre-test and post-test for the error amplification (EA) and control groups.

Pre-test

Post-test

Hotelling’s statistics

Pos hoc test

Control

Leaf Fraction

0.564 ± 0.003

0.569 ± 0.003

Wilks’ Λ = 0.641, p = 0.156

η_p² = 0.359

Diameter

0.334 ± 0.001

0.331 ± 0.002

Ave. eccentricity

0.263 ± 0.001

0.262 ± 0.001

BC_max

0.725 ± 0.002

0.727 ± 0.002

EA

Leaf fraction

0.565 ± 0.002

0.562 ± 0.003

Wilks’ Λ = 0.475, p = 0.026

η_p² = 0.525

t₁₇ = −1.084, p = 0.293, η_p² = 0.065

Diameter

0.332 ± 0.002

0.339 ± 0.002^a

t₁₇ = 3.617, p = 0.002, η_p² = 0.435

Ave. eccentricity

0.263 ± 0.001

0.267 ± 0.001^a

t₁₇ = 3.315, p = 0.004, η_p² = 0.393

BC_max

0.726 ± 0.002

0.724 ± 0.002

t₁₇ = −0.584, p = 0.567, η_p² = .020

Pre-test

Post-test

Hotelling’s statistics

Pos hoc test

Control

Leaf fraction

0.567 ± 0.003

0.570 ± 0.003

Wilks’ Λ = 0.719, p = 0.295

η_p² = 0.281

Diameter

0.332 ± 0.001

0.329 ± 0.002

Ave. eccentricity

0.262 ± 0.001

0.259 ± 0.001

BC_max

0.726 ± 0.002

0.733 ± 0.002

EA

Leaf fraction

0.562 ± 0.003

0.534 ± 0.003^b

Wilks’ Λ = 0.464 p = 0.022

η_p² = 0.536

t₁₇ = −2.638, p = 0.030, η_p² = 0.248

Diameter

0.335 ± 0.001

0.336 ± 0.001

t₁₇ = 0.777, p = 0.448, η_p² = 0.034

Ave. eccentricity

0.264 ± 0.001

0.266 ± 0.001

t₁₇ = 1.647, p = 0.118, η_p² = 0.138

BC_max

0.728 ± 0.002

0.724 ± 0.002

t₁₇ = -1.641, p = 0.119, η_p² = 0.137

Pre-test

Post-test

Hotelling’s statistics

Pos hoc test

Control

Leaf fraction

0.573 ± 0.006

0.570 ± 0.005

Wilks’ Λ = 0.821, p = 0.567

η_p² = 0.179

Diameter

0.327 ± 0.004

0.331 ± 0.003

Ave. eccentricity

0.259 ± 0.003

0.262 ± 0.002

BC_max

0.731 ± 0.004

0.727 ± 0.003

EA

Leaf fraction

0.569 ± 0.003

0.570 ± 0.006

Wilks’ Λ = 0.736, p = 0.333

η_p² = 0.264

Diameter

0.323 ± 0.003

0.329 ± 0.004

Ave. eccentricity

0.263 ± 0.002

0.260 ± 0.003

BC_max

0.732 ± 0.003

0.729 ± 0.004