Table 1 Outcome measures at baseline (T1) and after training (T2).

From: A randomized controlled trial on the digital socio-emotional competence training Zirkus Empathico for preschoolers

 

Controls (N = 38)

Zirkus Empathico (N = 36)

   
 

T1

T2

D (T2-T1)

T1

T2

D (T2-T1)

F value

p

Cohen’s d [95% CI]

Parental rating

Empathy (GEMP)

15.95 (14.90)

14.11 (18.07)

−1.84 (13.45)

15.47 (13.19)

16.92 (15.21)

1.44 (14.76)

0.99

0.32

0.23 [−0.23, 0.70]

Empathy (EMK EMP)

17.76 (3.17)

17.71 (3.35)

−0.05 (2.82)

19.00 (3.55)

19.75 (3.36)

0.75 (2.80)

4.14

0.045

0.28 [−0.17, 0.76]

Emotion recognition (EMK ERP)

10.29 (1.64)

10.50 (1.33)

0.21 (1.21)

10.89 (1.37)

11.14 (1.07)

0.25 (0.84)

2.13

0.14

0.04 [−0.42, 0.50]

Prosocial behavior (SDQ PBP)

5.37 (1.50)

7.32 (1.74)

1.95 (2.08)

5.31 (1.62)

8.25 (1.34)

2.94 (1.55)

7.50

0.008

0.51 [0.05, 0.99]

Problem behavior (SDQ BPP)

15.89 (3.14)

9.24 (3.76)

6.66 (3.22)

15.75 (3.75)

7.22 (3.28)

8.53 (4.02)

7.01

0.009

0.54 [0.08, 1.03]

Child assessment

Empathy (EMK EMCH)

10.53 (3.51)

11.32 (3.79)

0.79 (3.45)

11.32 (3.06)

13.11 (3.30)

1.78 (3.21)

3.50

0.07

0.29 [−0.02, 0.77]

Emotion recognition (EMK ERCH)

16.00 (5.05)

17.42 (4.75)

1.42 (2.78)

16.19 (4.18)

19.86 (4.42)

3.67 (4.78)

7.98

0.006

0.57 [0.01, 1.06]

Prosocial behavior (EMK PBCH)

11.82 (3.44)

13.39 (2.96)

1.58 (2.73)

12.28 (2.17)

13.92 (2.42)

1.64 (3.20)

0.33

0.57

0.02 [−0.44, 0.48]

  1. Pre-registered baseline (T1) and post-training (T2) outcomes as means (SD) from ITT analyses (see DRKS-ID: DRKS00015789). D = difference score between T2 and T1 (except for problem behavior where T1-T2 was calculated as the score is inverted). P = parent rating; CH = child assessment. F and p-values refer to the training main effect from the ANCOVAs without training time. All p-values are uncorrected.
  2. GEM Griffith Empathy Measure, EMK Inventory to survey of emotional competences for 3- to 6-year-olds, EM Empathy, ER Emotion recognition, SDQ Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, PB Prosocial behavior, BP Behavioral problems.
Back to article page