Fig. 4: Results of the explicit cue valence rating. | npj Science of Learning

Fig. 4: Results of the explicit cue valence rating.

From: Effects of positive and negative social feedback on motivation, evaluative learning, and socio-emotional processing

Fig. 4

a Significant main effect of condition and significant differences between positive vs neutral and positive vs negative but not negative vs neutral condition. b Differences between conditions in emotional valence ratings for young and older adults. The rating differences between positive and neutral cue as well as positive and negative cue were significantly smaller in the older adults. Statistical comparisons were made using a 2 × 3 mixed design (between factor age; within-factor condition) permutation F-test and two-sided two-sample permutation t-tests (with Bonferroni correction). Data is presented in boxplots overlaid with data points. Boxes span from the lower to the upper quantile and whiskers of the boxplots depict data points that are the furthest from the center while still being inside the range of 1.5 times the interquartile range from the lower or upper quartile. Solid lines indicate the median, dashed lines indicate the mean. Asterisks mark significant differences (p < 0.0167).

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